Benefits and Applications of Sports Psychology

Benefits and Applications of Sports Psychology 1. Introduction Currently, sport psychologists utilize numerous interventions and techniques intended to enhance the performance of athletes in competition, one of which is the cognitive approach. (Greenspan Feltz, 1989). Focusing on the understanding of information and the relationship between concepts will allow the sports psychologist to be able to enhance teaching, learning, knowledge, regulation and performance. (Glassman Hadad, 2009). 2. Skills Attainment and Performance Enhancement Metacognitive knowledge includes knowledge about oneself as a learner and the factors that might impact performance, knowledge about strategies, and knowledge about when and why to use strategies. This component of metacognition would be used with the novice sports person. An elite sports person would not only utilise metacognitive knowledge but also metacognitive regulation through the monitoring of one’s thinking , planning activities, awareness of understanding and task performance, and evaluation of the effectiveness of monitoring processes and strategies. (Livingston, 1997) 2.1 Novice Sports Person Fitts Posner (1967), advise that there are 3 phases of acquiring new skills: the cognitive phase, associative phase and autonomous phase. During the cognitive phase I would discuss with the client what the mechanics of the sport were such other recognised achievements by other people in that sporting field, environment such as running track or stadium, clothing, physical attributes of how the body performs and the correct techniques, and the movement involved. I would assist the client in in forming a mental picture or as Tolman (1932) describes, a cognitive map of all of the components of the sport and the relationship between them. Practicing the new sport with guidance, corrective action and coach feedback would be used during the associative phase. This would assist the client in developing an understanding of what works for them. During the autonomous phase, the skill in the sport would be mastered and become an automatic response. 2.2 Elite Sports Person: Olympian The overall objective is to equip the athletes with the psychological tools to maximize their chances to perform as close as possible to their potential in the Olympic Games. An elite sportsperson has either an innate ability or has achieved a high level of performance through determination, effort and practice or both. Getting into a flow mindset (Csikszentmihalyi, 1990) can help athletes to consistently achieve optimal performance. To enhance performance we would use metacognitive regulation and evaluate the effectiveness of the existent strategies. Suinn (1987) discusses techniques for performance enhancement which includes relaxation training followed by rehearsal using imagery. This type of intervention usually started with an explanation session then training in progressive muscle relaxation that allowed the sports person to alternatively tense and then relax muscles. The use of visualisation and guided imagery may help control pain, reduce anxiety levels, and develop positive attitudes as well as self-awareness. (Handegard et al, 2006). Le Van (2009) discusses how mental imagery impacts many cognitive processes in the brain: motor control, attention, perception, planning, and memory. The brain is also getting trained for actual performance during visualization. 3. Evaluation of Effectiveness To determine effectiveness of the technique, in the case of the novice, I would get them to discuss and reflect on their thinking process (Bransford et al, 2000). We would work through what it means to learn, awareness of one’s strengths and weaknesses with specific skills, plan what’s required to accomplish a specific learning goal or activity, identifying and correcting errors, and preparing ahead for learning processes. The elite sportsperson would be required to undergo debriefing after competition, and reflection on the strategies in action. Monitoring would be used to determine the effectiveness and whether modification or relearning was required for any of the existing strategies. 4. Personal Attainment of a New Skill As an adult I enjoy learning on an as needed basis and as such motivation is never a problem. I learn because something has caused me to want to know more information. My preferred style of learning is a staged approach. At first I prefer to do some reading about a particular topic or set of instructions and then have a teacher/instructor demonstrate the task or activity. I find that participating in an activity with hands-on experience helps to do problem solving and embed the knowledge. I then like to practice the task until it is mastered. I also reflect on each stage and review what I have learnt. My learning style seems to be a combination of many styles: behaviourist, such as mastering the content; cognitivist, where I can problem solve and deal with the facts, and constructivist, where I use reflection (Ertmer Newby, 1993) 5. Conclusion Using a cognitive approach in a learning environment, or to equip athletes with an understanding of their physical and psychological functioning, and building the ability to implement a range of strategies in competition, enables learners as well as athletes to both execute their skills and thrive under pressure as they strive to reach their performance potential. (Anderson, 2014) References Anderson, R. (2014) Faster, higher, psychologically stronger: Sport psychology at the London Olympic Games. Retrieved November 12th 2014 from Australian Psychological Society website: http://www.psychology.org.au/Content.aspx?ID=4986. Bransford, J.D., Brown, A L., and Cocking, R.R. (2000). How people learn: Brain, mind, experience, and school. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1990). Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. Harper Row. Ertmer, P. and Newby, T. (1993). Behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism: Comparing critical features from an instructional design perspective. Performance Improvement Quarterly, 6 (4), 50-72. Retrieved November 12th 2014, from http://uow.ico5.janison.com/ed/subjects/edgi911w/readings/ertmerp1.pdf Fitts, P. M., Posner, R. M. I. (1967)Human performance.Oxford, England: Brooks and Cole. Glassman, W.E and Haddad, M (2009) Approaches to Psychology (5th Ed.) Open University Press. Greenspan, M.J. Feltz, D.L. (1989) Psychological Interventions With Athletes in Competitive Situations: A Review. The Sport Psychologist, 3, 219-236 Handegard, L.A., Joyner, A.B., Burke, K.L., Reimann, B. (2006) Relaxation and Guided Imagery in the Sport Rehabilitation Journal of Excellence (11) Retrieved November 11th 2014 from Zone of Excellence website: http://www.zoneofexcellence.ca./Journal/Issue11/index.html LeVan, A.J. (2009) Seeing Is Believing: The Power of Visualization. Retrieved November 12th 2014 from Psychology Today website: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/flourish/200912/seeing-is-believing-the-power-visualization. Livingston, J.A (1997) Metacognition: An Overview. Retrieved November 10th 2014 from State University of New York at Buffalo website: http://gse.buffalo.edu/fas/shuell/cep564/metacog.htm Suinn, R. (1987). Psychological approaches to performance enhancement. In J.R. May M.J. Asken (Eds.), Sport psychology: The psychological health of the athlete (pp. 59-76). New York: PMA Publ. Tolman, E.C. (1932) Purposive Behaviour in Animals and Man. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts

How Christianity and Judaism are Alike and Different Essay

Judaism and Christianity are two of the many religions of the world. Both of these religions can be found in the Middle East. Although they are very similar, they also differ in many ways. People who believe in the Jewish religion are called Jews. Jews believe that the Messiah is yet to come. In the world there are about 13 million Jewish followers. Jews go to a synagogue to worship their ‘Messiah.’ They also read the Torah, which is their Holy Book. Abraham founded Judaism in 1700 B.C.E. Jews consider Jerusalem a holy city because of the Wailing Wall is located there, (which is the last remnant of the second temple.) Finally, Jews believe that they are the ‘Chosen People’ and that Israel is the ‘Promise Land.’ On the other hand you have Christianity, these followers are called Christians. Christians believe that Jesus was the ‘Son of God’ and the ‘Messiah.’ They also believe that Jesus suffered and died for people’s sins and then that he rose from the dead. There are over 1,000 million Christian followers all over the world! Christians believe that Jesus was crucified in Jerusalem so they consider Jerusalem to be a Holy City. They also believe in God and read about their religion in a Bible in a Church. Finally, Jesus established Christianity in 4 B.C.E. Now you’ve learned all about the differences between Judaism and Christianity but now you have to learn the similarities between the two religions. Both religions are monotheistic meaning they have one God who created the universe. Also, both consider Jerusalem a holy city in different ways. Both religions also have a sacred book that they read to discover things of their religion, although these religions have different books they still learn many similar things, and finally, both religions recognize Jesus in some way, either as a prophet or a Messiah. So, as you can see Judaism and Christianity are very similar but also very different.

Whats Truly Happening with Thesis Proposal

What's Truly Happening with Thesis Proposal A perfect thesis proposal is one that's robust and flexible. Your thesis is going to be misunderstood. In many instances, the structure of the thesis proposal will be contingent on the topic matter of the thesis and your subject of study. Power Point thesis presentations are easily available throughout the net. 2020 is about continuity and sustainability. Usually, a scientific research proposal includes a concise introduction to the research topic, a literature review, and a methodology that will explain the method by which the student plans to satisfy the aims of the research. Thesis proposal has an important part in expounding on the way the intended research will end into new knowledge within the area of study. Writing a thesis is among the best academic tasks you'll ever experience in your whole lifetime. Thesis students are needed to use a methodology for which they've taken a program. There are several helpful resources available on campus and a significant part of the grad school experience is learning how to request help. A thesis involves original research and is an established system for developing specialized knowledge and abilities that may boost a person's expertise within a substantive field of study. So as to have a fantastic collaboration, students should have the ability to work more effectively with diverse groups of people who come from various cultures. The student isn't just learning but creating scholarship. A copy of the Bio Sci 199 abstract (which must be submitted at the start of each quarter that you would like to enroll i n a Bio 199 class) or a duplicate of your UROP grant proposal may also act as your honors thesis proposal. The proposal should be only a few pages. If you don't know how to design a dissertation proposal. You don't have to produce your proposal or your paper public on Medium if you don't select. What Is So Fascinating About Thesis Proposal? Second, it enables you to answer the question fully, addressing each critical part of a complicated question. Be sure your question is well-defined. Put simply, when you ask your thesis question, think of the potential outcomes. For many students open-ended questions have a lot higher likelihood of succeeding. The Fight Against Thesis Proposal You must be sure the service you employ will supply your paper to you on time. A legitimate service is a dependable service provider you may trust. Essay help writing services are really useful for students. If you believe that your presentation isn't like it should be our service can provide h elp. The Fight Against Thesis Proposal Not getting your paper in time can cause you to have a great deal of issues with the teacher and your exams. Lots of people undermine the strength of the work and wind up regretting when it's too late. Eventually you will finish the whole task punctually. Because at the close of the day, doing great research doesn't turn you into a superior researcher. It should even have the ability to Portray The Aim and thus the ways to attain It within the Proposal. Attempt to compose the exact way that you speak when you're explaining an idea. Never use a complicated word if a simpler word is going to do. The topic attracts visitors to your work hence your choice must be flawless. Here's What I Know About Thesis Proposal At times the outcome and discussion is going to be two distinct sections. You also ought to raise questions you're likely to be focusing on and specify the intention behind the analysis. By this time, you also have explored areas of academic interest and are prepared to tackle a particular topic through research. If you select a meaningful topic, the everyday setbacks in your research won't bring you down. You've got to read widely about the subject you have decided on and write short notes. You ought to think critically about an appropriate topic and choose the very best. A thesis topic should be something with stakes. A superb topic should address current problems in your area. Thesis Proposal Fundamentals Explained At length, the tables required are highlighted in the next figure. You may use online libraries and search for the latest findings and relevant articles. Proposals share an overall document architecture, which is generally modified to suit certain conditions. They often contain figures from other articles. The Ideal Strategy to Thesis Proposal With a modern and clean appearance, it's going to be perfect for showcasing your ideas. Thus, you won't have room to relate all you know or plan--you must select the details carefully to convey the essential ideas. The word abstract must be at the surface of the page in all-capital letters. Let experts help you receive access to a number of the very best PowerPoint templates for thesis presentation today!

Pornography Addiction Essay - 827 Words

At any given time, pornography lights up the computer screens of millions of viewers, who are oblivious to the unhealthy habits acquired by watching explicit materials. Pornography begins to affect an individual’s mindset as soon as they watch their first explicit scene. Science confirmed the brain is endlessly creating new nerve pathways (Shucart). This is important because as people continue to view porn, they are allowing their brain to create long-lasting pathways. Viewers are unaware of the habits they are creating because it is a natural process to form a connection with an activity, but pornography is not a healthy connection to chase after. Pornography is capable of providing â€Å" the perfect conditions and triggers the release of†¦show more content†¦As a result of the strong links and addictive elements of pornography, viewers might abandon important relationships. Many viewers have the conceived notion that porn is an easy and fast way to release an urge or fulfill a fantasy. Many fail to recognize pornography plays a huge role in damaging relationships.Viewers tend to turn towards porn to satisfy certain needs, and in doing so they neglect their significant other by â€Å"withdrawing emotionally from the relationship† (Aneloski). The rewiring of the brain can cause an individual to become more aroused by an explicit video than an actual real life partner. Without a healthy sexual connection, relationships suffer because sex is natural in any relationship (Weisman). Another example of porn damaging a relationship is the way porn portrays a connection between two people. Pornographic films consist of men and women living for a single purpose, and that is to only give and receive sexual pleasure. Whether consumers believe it or not, the idea of humans being nothing more than sexual objects is slowly creeping into their mind. This idea of being sexual objects hinder the development of real relationships (Aneloski). Real relatio nships are capable of providing love and intimacy that porn can not recreate. Another common criticism about viewing pornographic content is that excessive exposure can increase sexual aggression amongst viewers.Show MoreRelated Internet Pornography Addiction Essay4347 Words   |  18 Pages Pornography on the Internet is affordable, available, and abundant. One can easily find websites for viewing this type of material. Although the reports on the actual number of these sites vary, the availability and accessibility of the sites are rarely disputed. Some critics of this form of expression or form of obscenity believe that the pornography itself can cause pornography addictions. Internet pornography does not produce addicts, but rather the propensity to be a pornography addictRead MorePornography Addiction Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pageshistory. 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